Thursday, November 30, 2017

How to Lose Weight Faster, But Safely

1. Build a better breakfast.

All meals are important, but breakfast is what helps you start your day on the right track. The best, heartiest breakfasts are ones that will fill you up, keep you satisfied and stave off cravings later in the day. Aim to eat anywhere between 400 and 500 calories for your morning meal, and make sure you're including a source of lean protein plus filling fat (e.g. eggs, beans, unsweetened greek yogurt, nuts or nut butters) and fiber (veggies, fruit or 100% whole-grains). Starting your day with a blood-sugar-stabilizing blend of nutrients will help you slim down without sacrifice.

2. Prioritize real, whole foods.

Make sure that everything you're eating is whole — as in nothing processed or packaged. Since salt is a preservative, these are the foods that are highest in sodium — something to keep in mind when planning your meals. Plan on making sure that all items you choose are fresh: that means filling up on fresh fruits and veggies, whole grains, low-fat dairy and lean protein.

3. Know your limits with salt.

When it comes by buying snacks, a "low sodium" product has to be 140mg or less per serving — so if you're REALLY in a bind, you can follow that guideline for what to put in your card.

4. Go for that cup of joe.

Start your day with a cup of coffee. Caffeine is a natural diuretic and an excellent source of antioxidants, which protect your cells from damage. You can have up to 400mg — about a Venti Starbucks coffee — daily, according to the 2015 Dietary Guidelines for Americans.
Not much of a coffee drinker? Tea is also a natural diuretic, and types of herbal tea such as dandelion or fennel root can also lend a hand. In fact: When a recent study compared the metabolic effect of green tea (in extract) with that of a placebo, researchers found that the green-tea drinkers burned about 70 additional calories in a 24-hour period.

5. ...and skip sugar-y beverages.

Plain and simple: We just don't feel full by liquid calories in quite the same way as we do real foodDrinking a juice or caramel-y coffee drink, for instance, won't make you feel full the way eating a bowl of veggie-and-protein packed stir-fry will. So monitor your intake of juice, soda, sweetened coffee and tea drinks and alcoholic beverages. If you consume one of each of those beverages during the day, you'll have taken in at least 800 extra calories by nighttime — and you'll still be hungry. (Incidentally, alcohol may suppress the metabolism of fat, making it tougher for you to burn those calories.) Some other ways to skip sugar? Check 'em out here.

6. Buy a set of 5-pound weights.

It's a one-time investment you'll never regret. Here's why: Strength training builds lean muscle tissue, which burns more calories — at work or at rest — 24 hours a day, seven days a week. The more lean muscle you have, the faster you'll slim down. How do you start strength training? Try some push-ups or a few squats or lunges. Use your free weights to perform simple biceps curls or triceps pulls right in your home or office. Do these exercises three to four times per week, and you'll soon see a rapid improvement in your physique.

7. Eat spicy foods — seriously!

It can actually help you cut back on calories. That's because the compound capsaicin, a compound found in jalapeno and cayenne peppers, may (slightly) increase your body's release of stress hormones such as adrenaline, which can speed up your metabolism and your ability to burn calories. What's more, eating hot peppers may help slow you down as you eat, since you're less likely to wolfed ow that spicy plate o'spaghetti (and stay more mindful of when you're full). Some great ones (with additional benefits): Ginger, turmeric, black pepper, oregano and jalapenos,

8. Go to bed.

As funny as it sounds, sleep deprivation may make you fat — and not just because you're susceptible to cases of the late-night munchies (although there's that too). There's tons of research that demonstrates getting less than the desired amount — about 7 hours — of sleep per night can slow down your metabolism. Plus, when you're awake for longer, you're naturally more likely to nosh (you'll physically feel hungrier!) So don't skimp on your ZZZs, and you'll be rewarded with an extra edge when it comes to shedding pounds quickly.

9. Write it down.

Loads of research demonstrates people who log everything they eat — especially those who log while they're eating — are more likely to lose weight and keep it off for the long-haul. Start tracking on an app like MyFitnessPal when the pounds start sneaking up on you. It'll help you stay accountable for what you've eaten. Plus, you can easily identify some other areas of your daily eats that could use a little improvement when it's written out in front of you.

10. Take a hike (or a walk!).

Don't get me wrong — exercising at any time is good for you. But evening activity may be particularly beneficial because many people's metabolism slows down toward the end of the day. Thirty minutes of aerobic activity before dinner increases your metabolic rate and may keep it elevated for another two or three hours, even after you've stopped moving. What that means for you: You're less likely to go back for seconds or thirds. Plus, it'll help you relax post meal so you won't be tempted by stress-induced grazing that can rack up calories, quickly.

11. Resist the urge to skip a meal.

Listen up: Skipping meals will not make you lose weight faster. If a hectic day makes a sit-down meal impossible, stash an energy bar or a piece of fruit in your car or tote; stash snacks in your office desk-drawer and make a point of getting up to grab a nosh — anything that will keep you from going hungry! Going long periods of time without food does double-duty harm on our healthy-eating efforts by both slowing down your metabolism, and priming you for another binge later in the day. (Think: You've skipped breakfast and lunch, so you're ready to takedown a whole turkey by dinner!) Make it your mission to eat three meals and two snacks every day, and don't wait longer than 3 to 4 hours without eating. Set a "snack alarm" on your phone if needed.

12. Eat your H2O.

Sure, you certainly need to drink plenty of water to help expedite the process of ridding your body of excess sodium. But that can (and should!) also be consumed in the form of high-water content foods. Reach for cucumbers, tomatoes, watermelon, asparagus, grapes, celery, artichokes, pineapple and cranberries — all of which contain diuretic properties that will also help you stay full due to their higher fiber, high water content.

13. Munch on mineral-rich foods.

Potassium, magnesium and calcium can help to serve as a counter-balance for sodium. Foods that are rich in potassium include leafy greens, most "orange" foods (oranges, sweet potatoes, carrots, melon) bananas, tomatoes, and cruciferous veggies — especially cauliflower. Low-fat dairy, plus nuts and seeds can also help give you a bloat-busting boost, ad have been linked to a whole host of additional health benefits, such as lowering blood pressure, controlling blood sugar, and reducing risk of chronic disease overall.

14. Ignore the gimmicks.

At any given time, there are dozens of weight-loss hypes in the marketplace that claim to have the ability to take off 10 pounds in 10 days, or whatever. Desperation can tempt us to try anything — from "clean eating" to cutting out food groups entirely. Keep in mind: Just because an avocado-walnut-"crunchy"-kale-salad dripping in coconut oil is deemed "clean" by a so-called "expert" on your Instagram feed does not make it an unlimited food. Moral of the story? Avoid fads, eat real food, watch some Netflix and use this winter as a time to relax and unwind (perhaps with a glass of wine in-hand). Now that's my kind of detox.

15. Let yourself off the hook.

You already know that a perfect diet doesn't exist, but many of us still can't resist the urge to kick ourselves when we indulge, eat too much or get thrown off course from restrictive diets. The problem: This only makes it more difficult, stressful, and downright impossible to lose weight. So rather than beating yourself up for eating foods you think you shouldn't, let it go. Treating yourself to about 200 calories worth of deliciousness each day — something that feels indulgent to you — can help you stay on track for the long-haul, so allow yourself to eat, breathe and indulge (so that you don't eventually dive head first into brownie batter). Food should be joyful, not agonizing!

16. Look for our emblem on food labels.

Ultimately, weight-loss for the long-term requires some short-term behavior change and healthier habit formation. That's why we created our Good Housekeeping Nutritionist Approved Emblem, which exists to help turn smart food choices into healthier eating habits. All GHNA foods and drinks are simple, transparent and make it easier to find — and eat — good-for-you foods without additional time, effort, and cost. We target the lifestyle-related factors that make healthier eating hard, and find simple but creative solutions that actually work! Look for the emblem on labels wherever you shop for food!

Tuesday, November 28, 2017

Top Warnings & Tips to SEOs in 2017

Google's warnings & tips on content & onpage optimization

The first portion of warnings I'm going to look at deals with content and onpage optimization. These activities are the foundation of any search engine optimization campaign, so it's better to stay aware of the nuances.

1. User-generated content: good or bad for SEO? It depends.

In 2017, Google expressed some thoughts on user-generated content and spam. At the very beginning of the year, you could have seen this post on Google's Webmaster Central blog. The post explains how users can protect websites from user-generated spam. In case you missed it, here are the key techniques:
  • Keep your forum software updated and patched.
  • Add a CAPTCHA.
  • Block suspicious behavior.
  • Check your forum's top posters on a daily basis.
  • Consider disabling some types of comments.
  • If possible, change your settings so that you disallow anonymous posting and make posts from new users require approval before they're publicly visible.
  • Consider blacklisting obviously spammy terms.
  • Use the "nofollow" attribute for links in the comment field.
Interestingly, Google doesn't mention your website can actually get penalized if this kind of spam gets detected.
After reading a post like this, an SEO might start thinking: "Why should I bother with user-generated content at all? If it may cause serious issues for my website, wouldn't it be better to get rid of UGC once and for all?" It seems, no.
Bang! The words "quality" and "signal" work like magic in the SEO community and folks started to debate on whether they should bring comments back. Leaving aside the emotions and guesses, here's what you should keep in mind:
1. Poor comments can be indexed just like any other type of content, and yes, they can impact your search engine ranking.
2. To check whether your comments do count, go to your Search Console account and use the Fetch as Google tool. If the comments show up in the code, then they do count.
3. If you don't have resources to moderate and manage user-generated content on a regular basis, it's better to disable it.

2. Read out loud your site's content. If it sounds strange, it may not rank well.

Okay, Gary enjoys the do-you-know tweets a lot, you must have already grasped it. And that's great because it's always handy to get some additional tips from the official guys.
Gary suggested we should read page content out loud, and if it sounds weird, it may not rank well.
How can we interpret this? I have a couple of thoughts:
  • After Google introduced its Hummingbird algorithm, search has become much more conversational. So maybe Google wants to see more content optimized for voice search?
  • Or that could be just another way to identify low-quality content. If it was spun and automatically translated, it'll be really hard to read it out loud without stumbling.
Another interesting point is that this recommendation applies to any language, which makes me think Google has well advanced with their localized versions of the search engine.
So, if your landing page reads like: "Buy black shoes, black shoes are #1 trend, as only black shoes make you look your blackest" — you have to do something about it asap and this content quality audit guide might come in handy!

3. Review site architecture to stay away from penalties.

If you're as curious about SEO tips from Google as I am, you must have sometimes watched or reviewed the official Google Webmaster Central hangouts with John Mueller and co. After watching this episode, I've learnt that Google Panda looks at your site's architecture to identify the site's quality:
If you're lazy to watch the video, here's the direct quote (the question asked was: "Does Panda take site architecture into account when doing Panda score or would fixing those categories make no difference at all?"):
"When we look at Panda we see that as something that is more like a general kind of quality evaluation of the web site and it takes into account everything around the site. So that is something where if we find issues across the site where we think this is essentially affects the quality of the web site overall, then that is something that might be taken into account there. So if you are saying that your category pages are really bad and that is something you really can improve then that is something I'd work on, I'd work to improve."
As usual, the answer's a "bit" vague, but on the whole, it looks like "yes, poor site architecture can cause a Panda penalty." How do you check your site's architecture? Fire up WebSite Auditor and let the tool analyze your site's skeleton. In a minute, you'll see your site's pages analyzed in detail under Site StructurePages. For a more convenient view of the structure, you can switch to the tree view.
Things to check at this point include:
1. Crawlability. If your site's not crawlable, you won't achieve high rankings no matter how hard you try. In your WebSite Auditor's project go to Site AuditCrawlability and check the HTTP status codes of the pages. Also, make sure these pages are not blocked from indexing by your robots.txt.
2. URL structure. Work on a simple and consistent URL structure. When you group pages logically in categories and subcategories, you help both users and search engines reach your content.
3. Mobile-friendliness. Although Google's mobile-first index is not coming soon, it's better to make sure your website looks good on mobile devices. You can check this in the Page Auditmodule (switch to the Technical factors tab and look through the Page usability (Mobile) factor issues).
4. Site speed. Google indicated many times that site speed is one of the signals used for ranking pages. Speeding up your website is important for user experience, too. To check factors that can impact page speed, go to the Content Analysis module, Page Audit and switch to the Technical factors tab. Review all factors under the Page speed (Desktop) section.
If your site's architecture is top-notch, make sure you also check the layout of your main landing pages. Earlier this year, Gary confirmed that Google's page layout penalty "is still important". So, it won't hurt to check how big the ads on your website are and where they are placed.

4. Use ALT texts to boost Google Images rankings.

Have you ever wondered why your images aren't showing (or not ranking high) in Google Images search results? Google gives us a hint what may help with that problem:
"Anchor text (and image alt text) helps us quite a bit in understanding context, so I wouldn't leave it out if you can avoid it." — John Mueller
Many webmasters just don't bother with image optimization or don't do it regularly, though it's not that complicated. If you've decided it's time to brush up your site's images and update their meta content, WebSite Auditor will be a handy tool.
Launch the software, create or open a project and let the software scan your website for errors and warnings. After the check is complete, locate the Images section under Site structure > Site audit. There, you'll see a list of pages with images that have missing ALT texts.
Here are some basic rules to remember when creating image ALT texts:
1. Describe images in plain English.
2. If you optimize images for an e-commerce website with product variations, use model or serial numbers to make tags unique.
3. Avoid keyword stuffing ALT tags.
After you optimize the site's images and search engines recrawl and reindex them, don't be surprised to see more of your pages ranking in universal search results in your Rank Tracker project:

5. Optimize for non-English head queries.

If you have a non-English website, here's your lucky chance — Google says it needs much more quality content for lots of non-English head queries.
Unfortunately, Gary didn't mention which languages are most under-represented and which "head queries" desperately need more content.
So, what can we really do with this suggestion?
1. First and foremost, consider localizing content. Here at SEO PowerSuite, we often hear people would love to get more localized guides and posts about online marketing and software use. Grab your chance ;)
2. Analyze your top target keywords translated into different languages. For instance, your website won't rank on the first page for the "how to create a website" query. Let's launch Rank Tracker and check the difficulty score for this term and its French equivalent.

Google's Top Warnings & Tips to SEOs in 2017
Let's recall Google's latest warnings and consider how we should (or shouldn't?) react to them.


By: Inessa Bokhan
September 5, 2017
Google often shares some tips, news, and warnings with the SEO community, but is the company's advice the best answer to the burning SEO issues? In this post, I wanted to analyze the loudest announcements and see whether we should follow the company's instructions in each case.

Google's warnings & tips on content & onpage optimization

The first portion of warnings I'm going to look at deals with content and onpage optimization. These activities are the foundation of any search engine optimization campaign, so it's better to stay aware of the nuances.

1. User-generated content: good or bad for SEO? It depends.

In 2017, Google expressed some thoughts on user-generated content and spam. At the very beginning of the year, you could have seen this post on Google's Webmaster Central blog. The post explains how users can protect websites from user-generated spam. In case you missed it, here are the key techniques:
  • Keep your forum software updated and patched.
  • Add a CAPTCHA.
  • Block suspicious behavior.
  • Check your forum's top posters on a daily basis.
  • Consider disabling some types of comments.
  • If possible, change your settings so that you disallow anonymous posting and make posts from new users require approval before they're publicly visible.
  • Consider blacklisting obviously spammy terms.
  • Use the "nofollow" attribute for links in the comment field.
Interestingly, Google doesn't mention your website can actually get penalized if this kind of spam gets detected.
After reading a post like this, an SEO might start thinking: "Why should I bother with user-generated content at all? If it may cause serious issues for my website, wouldn't it be better to get rid of UGC once and for all?" It seems, no.
In March, Gary Illyes of Google tweeted this:


Vie

13 Repl40 Retweets75 like
Twitter Ads info aBang! The words "quality" and "signal" work like magic in the SEO community and folks started to debate on whether they should bring comments back. Leaving aside the emotions and guesses, here's what you should keep in mi1. Poor comments can be indexed just like any other type of content, and yes, they can impact your search engine ranking.
2. To check whether your comments do count, go to your Search Console account and use the Fetch as Google tool. If the comments show up in the code, then they do count.
3. If you don't have resources to moderate and manage user-generated content on a regular basis, it's better to disable it.

2. Read out loud your site's content. If it sounds strange, it may not rank well.

Okay, Gary enjoys the do-you-know tweets a lot, you must have already grasped it. And that's great because it's always handy to get some additional tips from the official guys.

  • After Google introduced its Hummingbird algorithm, search has become much more conversational. So maybe Google wants to see more content optimized for voice search?
  • Or that could be just another way to identify low-quality content. If it was spun and automatically translated, it'll be really hard to read it out loud without stumbling.
Another interesting point is that this recommendation applies to any language, which makes me think Google has well advanced with their localized versions of the search engine.
So, if your landing page reads like: "Buy black shoes, black shoes are #1 trend, as only black shoes make you look your blackest" — you have to do something about it asap and this content quality audit guide might come in handy!

3. Review site architecture to stay away from penalties.

If you're as curious about SEO tips from Google as I am, you must have sometimes watched or reviewed the official Google Webmaster Central hangouts with John Mueller and co. After watching this episode, I've learnt that Google Panda looks at your site's architecture to identify the site's quality:
If you're lazy to watch the video, here's the direct quote (the question asked was: "Does Panda take site architecture into account when doing Panda score or would fixing those categories make no difference at all?"):
"When we look at Panda we see that as something that is more like a general kind of quality evaluation of the web site and it takes into account everything around the site. So that is something where if we find issues across the site where we think this is essentially affects the quality of the web site overall, then that is something that might be taken into account there. So if you are saying that your category pages are really bad and that is something you really can improve then that is something I'd work on, I'd work to improve."
As usual, the answer's a "bit" vague, but on the whole, it looks like "yes, poor site architecture can cause a Panda penalty." How do you check your site's architecture? Fire up WebSite Auditor and let the tool analyze your site's skeleton. In a minute, you'll see your site's pages analyzed in detail under Site StructurePages. For a more convenient view of the structure, you can switch to the tree view.
Things to check at this point include:
1. Crawlability. If your site's not crawlable, you won't achieve high rankings no matter how hard you try. In your WebSite Auditor's project go to Site AuditCrawlability and check the HTTP status codes of the pages. Also, make sure these pages are not blocked from indexing by your robots.txt.
2. URL structure. Work on a simple and consistent URL structure. When you group pages logically in categories and subcategories, you help both users and search engines reach your content.
3. Mobile-friendliness. Although Google's mobile-first index is not coming soon, it's better to make sure your website looks good on mobile devices. You can check this in the Page Auditmodule (switch to the Technical factors tab and look through the Page usability (Mobile) factor issues).
4. Site speed. Google indicated many times that site speed is one of the signals used for ranking pages. Speeding up your website is important for user experience, too. To check factors that can impact page speed, go to the Content Analysis module, Page Audit and switch to the Technical factors tab. Review all factors under the Page speed (Desktop) section.
If your site's architecture is top-notch, make sure you also check the layout of your main landing pages. Earlier this year, Gary confirmed that Google's page layout penalty "is still important". So, it won't hurt to check how big the ads on your website are and where they are placed.

4. Use ALT texts to boost Google Images rankings.

Have you ever wondered why your images aren't showing (or not ranking high) in Google Images search results? Google gives us a hint what may help with that problem:
"Anchor text (and image alt text) helps us quite a bit in understanding context, so I wouldn't leave it out if you can avoid it." — John Mueller
Many webmasters just don't bother with image optimization or don't do it regularly, though it's not that complicated. If you've decided it's time to brush up your site's images and update their meta content, WebSite Auditor will be a handy tool.
Launch the software, create or open a project and let the software scan your website for errors and warnings. After the check is complete, locate the Images section under Site structure > Site audit. There, you'll see a list of pages with images that have missing ALT texts.
Here are some basic rules to remember when creating image ALT texts:
1. Describe images in plain English.
2. If you optimize images for an e-commerce website with product variations, use model or serial numbers to make tags unique.
3. Avoid keyword stuffing ALT tags.
After you optimize the site's images and search engines recrawl and reindex them, don't be surprised to see more of your pages ranking in universal search results in your Rank Tracker project:

5. Optimize for non-English head queries.

If you have a non-English website, here's your lucky chance — Google says it needs much more quality content for lots of non-English head queries.
So, what can we really do with this suggestion?
1. First and foremost, consider localizing content. Here at SEO PowerSuite, we often hear people would love to get more localized guides and posts about online marketing and software use. Grab your chance ;)
2. Analyze your top target keywords translated into different languages. For instance, your website won't rank on the first page for the "how to create a website" query. Let's launch Rank Tracker and check the difficulty score for this term and its French equivalent.
At first sight, the difference doesn't seem significant (66.5 vs. 54.8). But if we look at the websites in the chart below, we'll spot that the individual difficulty score for the query in English starts from 55.1. Now let's click on the French phrase:

Sunday, November 26, 2017

HOW TO PURCHASE TRAIN TICKETS IN EUROPE

In the not-so-distant past, the only way to buy train tickets for Europe was through an expensive travel agent or at the train station ticket window. These days, most of Europe’s national rail services offer online booking, but there are still a few hiccups here and there.

In this guide, we’ll tell you everything you need to know about buying European train tickets — both online and at the train station.
If you’re looking for information about rail passes, check out our guide to European rail passes.

THE THREE TYPES OF TRAIN TICKETING

Before we get into buying tickets we need to talk about the three types of ticketing. This should help you understand how train ticket fares work.

FIXED PRICE TICKETING

Just about every local and regional train is simply a fixed-price ticket based on distance traveled — so there are no discounts for buying early. Don’t bother buying tickets online. Just show up to the station a little early and buy the ticket. It’s as easy as that.
Furthermore, all domestic trains within Belgium, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, and Switzerland operate on this same fixed-price ticketing scheme — therefore, there is no reason to book ahead. Just show up to the station, buy your ticket, and get on the train.

VARIABLE PRICE TICKETING

Most high-speed trains throughout Europe, and pretty much all non-regional trains in France, have variable price ticketing. That means that the prices change based on route popularity, distance traveled, and when the ticket is booked. The number one factor that determines the ticket price is how early you book the ticket — the earlier the better. The difference between booking a month out and a day out can be staggering.
These tickets also require a reservation. The reservation is already included in the ticket price, but if you’re using a rail pass, you have to pay extra for the reservation. Since a reservation is required, it means that the train can sell out, but this rarely happens.

TRADITIONAL LONG-DISTANCE TICKETING

Austria, Denmark, Germany, the UK, and most of Eastern Europe offer discounts if you book ahead of time, and you don’t have to pay extra for a reservation — unless you want a guaranteed seat. If the train fills up and you don’t have a reservation, you can simply stand/sit in the aisle.

HOW EARLY TO BOOK TICKETS

To get the best price on tickets, it’s advisable to book at least one month in advance. Most sites start selling tickets 60-90 days before departure.
Eurostar tickets are on sale 180 days in advance, and you should snatch those babies up as soon as possible.
Okay, now onto the ways to purchase European train tickets…

BUYING TRAIN TICKETS THROUGH A US RETAILER

The easiest way for North Americans to purchase train tickets is through RailEurope.com. Basically, RailEurope is the North American representative of 50 railroads throughout Europe.
With RailEurope, you can have physical tickets mailed to you before your trip. You also have the option (in some, but not all cases) to print your own tickets, print an e-ticket at the self-service kiosk in the train station, or have an e-ticket sent to your phone. This is nice because collecting tickets purchased from European rail services can sometimes be problematic.
Plus, the site actually functions (which not always a given with European sites — but they’re getting better). You also have the benefit of not needing to deal with non-English-speaking customer service.
However, there are a few downsides:
  •  Tickets are sometimes more expensive than buying them from their European counterparts.
  • RailEurope doesn’t always list all the available rail journeys.
  • Some tickets can only be mailed, so you can’t buy them while you’re traveling.

BUYING TICKETS FROM EUROPEAN NATIONAL RAIL SERVICE WEBSITES

Each country in Europe has its own rail service, and most allow you to purchase tickets online.
This is the cheapest way to purchase train tickets because you can take advantage of current promotions and discounts — so you’re paying the same price as the Europeans. And remember, the earlier you buy, the cheaper the tickets (on most high-speed and long-distance tickets).
Theoretically, all you need to do is purchase the ticket via the website and then collect the tickets at the train station or print your tickets at home. Some sites will send an electronic ticket to your smartphone. Sometimes you’ll need the same credit card you used to purchase the ticket in order to collect your tickets.
Note: You’ll need a card with a chip if you want to pick up your ticket from a machine. If you have a standard “swipe” card, you’ll have to go to the service desk. 
Most rail service websites function well and are fairly straightforward. And most have an English language option — additionally, Google Chrome will auto-translate foreign websites if you can’t speak the language. However, some websites are plagued with bugs and are designed terribly. In Eastern Europe, online booking is sometimes non-existent.
The best national rail service sites are:
  • Austria
  • The United Kingdom also try Virgin Trains
  • France (it may try to re-direct you to RailEurope; choose voyages-sncf.com)
  • Germany
  • Ireland
  • Italy
  • Sweden
  • Switzerland
There is another great site you should check out:
TrainLine (formerly known as Captain Train): TrainLine is a new startup that sells tickets for French, German, and Italian trains, and it finds the cheapest tickets. Plus, you can use any credit card to buy tickets, and nearly all the tickets offer print-at-home or collect-at-station options. Furthermore, the site is slick and simple to use.
Note: When purchasing an international ticket (i.e. Germany to Italy), always book from the departure country. For example, if you’re going from Germany to Italy you should use the German rail service website. This is because some rail services only allow you to pick up your ticket in the country where you booked the ticket. So, in our Germany to Italy example, the Italian rail service would sell you the ticket, but you would have to pick up the ticket in Italy. 

BUYING TICKETS AT THE STATION

You always have the option to buy tickets at the station. Don’t expect the person at the counter to speak English, but you can usually just write down where you want to go and the time you want to depart, and they’ll sell you the ticket. The main problem are the long lines — especially at busy train stations. Avoid the line by going at off-peak hours.
You can also use the ticket machines found throughout every European train station. Most do not accept American credit cards, unless you have a chip-and-pin card, but you can sometimes use cash (if it’s accepted).